🍎 Food, Health, Diseases and Diet - Class 5 Notes 🍎
📚 Introduction
Food is the essential requirement for us to live. It contains a few components called nutrients. They are chemical substances that are essential for the healthy growth and development of the body. These nutrients provide us energy to do work.
🍽️ Food can be classified into three types:
- Energy giving foods - Provide energy for daily activities
- Body building foods - Help in growth and repair of body
- Protective foods - Protect us from diseases
🧪 Components of Food
The components of food are:
- Carbohydrates - Main source of energy
- Fats - Energy storage and body warmth
- Proteins - Growth and repair
- Vitamins - Disease protection
- Minerals - Bone and blood formation
- Roughage - Waste removal
- Water - Body functions regulation
Energy giving foods comprise carbohydrates and fats while body-building foods mainly contain proteins. Food rich in vitamins and minerals are called protective foods because they protect us from diseases.
⚖️ Balanced Diet
A diet is what we consume in a day. A balanced diet is a diet that consists of all the nutrients (i.e., fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and roughage) in the right amount. A balanced diet is not the same for all people. This is because people differ in their nutrient requirements. The amount of each of these components depends on the age, gender, and the amount of physical activity of a person.
| 🍽️ Component of Food | 📍 Found in (Food Items) | ⚡ Function |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates (sugar and starch) | Rice, wheat, fruit juices, cereals and potatoes | Give us energy to do work |
| Fats | Meat, nuts, butter, oil and ghee | Give us energy to do work and keep our body warm |
| Proteins | Pulses, fish, eggs, cheese and beans | Help us to grow, repair damaged cells |
| Vitamins | Green vegetables, fruits and sprouts | Help our body to fight against diseases |
| Minerals | Milk, curd, cheese, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, beans and dairy products | Required for the formation of healthy bones, blood and teeth |
| Water | Fruits, vegetables, milk | Helps to regulate the body temperature and maintain other body functions; helps in waste removal |
| Roughage | Fruits and vegetables, oats, cereals, pulses, barley and whole grains | Helps in removing waste material from our body in the form of stool |
💪 Need for Eating a Balanced Diet
- Balanced diet aids in good physical and mental health.
- It helps in proper growth of the body.
- It increases the ability to fight against diseases.
- It helps the organs of the body to work efficiently.
🔺 Food Pyramid
A food pyramid teaches us what to eat to make our diet a healthy one. It is a representation of different food groups and how much of these should be consumed by a person every day. The food items at the bottom of the pyramid are meant to be eaten in greater quantity than those at the top of the pyramid.
The pyramid shows five essential components of food and how much should be eaten.
🏃♂️ Exercise, Sleep and Rest
We must exercise daily. It helps us to maintain right posture and remain active throughout the day. Walking, cycling, running, jumping, skipping and swimming are some forms of exercise.
Apart from exercise, our body needs sufficient rest and sleep. We must take proper rest for proper functioning of our body. We should sleep for about 6 to 8 hours in a day.
🍟 Junk Food
Junk food is food that has less nutritional value but lots of fat and sugar. They contain too much fat, a lot of which cannot be used up by the body, hence it is stored as body fat. This makes a person obese.
⚠️ Adverse Effects of Eating Junk Food:
- Excess weight gain
- Nutrient deficiency
- Feeling tired and lethargic / lack of energy
- Junk food can cause diseases like high blood pressure, heart, kidney, and liver diseases
- Improper digestion causes stomach problems like constipation, acidity, etc.
🥗 How to Make a Diet Healthier?
- Eat a variety of food to get all the nutrients needed for maintaining good health.
- Include more whole grains, such as wheat, barley, and oats in your diet.
- Avoid eating a lot of sugar and salt.
- Use less oil for cooking.
- Include nuts in your diet.
📖 Meaning of Important Words from the Chapter
- Nutrients: Substances required by our body to live, grow and remain healthy.
- Balanced diet: A diet that consists of all the nutrients in the right amount.
- Food pyramid: The food pyramid is a representation of different food groups that tells us what we should eat in a day for maintaining a balanced diet.
- Deficiency: Lack of adequate quantity or number.
- Lethargic: Lack of energy.
- Obese: Overweight.
- Health: A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.
- Chronic: Of long duration.
- Diet: The kinds of food that a person eats daily.
- Athlete: A person who is good at sports or physical exercise.
- Roughage: Fibrous material present in food (mainly vegetables that cannot be digested by the body).
- Constipation: A condition in which there is difficulty in bowel movements.
- Uptake: Taking in of a substance by a living organism.
📝 Note: Rest of the chapter will be explained in Explanation: Part 2. Read the explanation at least five times and learn the meaning of the important words thoroughly.
❓ Questions and Answers (100+ Questions)
Q1: What are the three types of food?
Answer: The three types of food are energy giving foods, body building foods, and protective foods. Energy giving foods provide energy for daily activities, body building foods help in growth and repair of the body, and protective foods protect us from diseases.
Q2: What are the components of food?
Answer: The components of food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, roughage, and water. Each component has specific functions in maintaining our health and proper body functioning.
Q3: What is a balanced diet?
Answer: A balanced diet is a diet that consists of all the nutrients (fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and roughage) in the right amount. It provides all essential nutrients needed for healthy growth and development.
Q4: Why is a balanced diet important?
Answer: A balanced diet helps in good physical and mental health, proper growth of the body, increases the ability to fight against diseases, and helps organs to work efficiently. It ensures overall well-being and proper functioning of all body systems.
Q5: What is the function of carbohydrates?
Answer: Carbohydrates give us energy to do work. They are the main source of energy for our body and are essential for daily activities and proper brain function.
Q6: What foods contain proteins?
Answer: Proteins are found in pulses, fish, eggs, cheese, and beans. These foods are essential for growth, repair of damaged cells, and building body tissues.
Q7: What is the role of vitamins in our body?
Answer: Vitamins help our body to fight against diseases. They boost our immune system and protect us from various infections and illnesses. They are found in green vegetables, fruits, and sprouts.
Q8: What are the adverse effects of eating junk food?
Answer: Eating junk food regularly causes excess weight gain, nutrient deficiency, feeling tired and lethargic, diseases like high blood pressure, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, and stomach problems like constipation and acidity.
Q9: What is the purpose of roughage in our diet?
Answer: Roughage helps in removing waste material from our body in the form of stool. It aids in proper digestion and prevents constipation by promoting healthy bowel movements.
Q10: How much sleep should a person take daily?
Answer: A person should sleep for about 6 to 8 hours daily. Adequate sleep is essential for proper rest and functioning of the body, helping in growth and repair processes.
Q11: What is the function of fats in our body?
Answer: Fats give us energy to do work and keep our body warm. They also help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and provide insulation to vital organs.
Q12: Where are minerals found and what is their function?
Answer: Minerals are found in milk, curd, cheese, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, beans and dairy products. They are required for the formation of healthy bones, blood and teeth.
Q13: What is the importance of water in our body?
Answer: Water helps to regulate body temperature and maintain other body functions. It also helps in waste removal and is essential for all metabolic processes in the body.
Q14: What is junk food?
Answer: Junk food is food that has less nutritional value but lots of fat and sugar. They contain excessive amounts of unhealthy fats that cannot be used up by the body and get stored as body fat, making a person obese.
Q15: What are some forms of exercise mentioned?
Answer: Walking, cycling, running, jumping, skipping and swimming are some forms of exercise mentioned. Regular exercise helps maintain right posture and keeps us active throughout the day.
Q16: Why is exercise important?
Answer: Exercise is important because it helps us maintain right posture and remain active throughout the day. It keeps our body fit, improves circulation, and helps in proper functioning of all body systems.
Q17: What is a food pyramid?
Answer: A food pyramid is a representation of different food groups that tells us what we should eat in a day for maintaining a balanced diet. Items at the bottom should be eaten in greater quantity than those at the top.
Q18: How can we make our diet healthier?
Answer: We can make our diet healthier by eating a variety of food, including more whole grains like wheat, barley, and oats, avoiding excessive sugar and salt, using less oil for cooking, and including nuts in our diet.
Q19: What does the term 'obese' mean?
Answer: Obese means overweight. It refers to a condition where a person has excessive body fat that may impair health and lead to various health problems.
Q20: What is meant by nutrient deficiency?
Answer: Nutrient deficiency means lack of adequate quantity or number of essential nutrients in the diet. This can lead to various health problems and diseases due to inadequate nutrition.
Q21: Why is a balanced diet different for different people?
Answer: A balanced diet is different for different people because people differ in their nutrient requirements. The amount of nutrients needed depends on age, gender, and the amount of physical activity of a person.
Q22: What are energy-giving foods?
Answer: Energy-giving foods are those that provide energy for our daily activities. They mainly comprise carbohydrates and fats, which fuel our body for work and movement.
Q23: What are body-building foods?
Answer: Body-building foods are those that help in the growth and repair of our body. They mainly contain proteins, which are essential for building and maintaining body tissues.
Q24: What are protective foods?
Answer: Protective foods are those rich in vitamins and minerals that protect us from diseases. They boost our immune system and help maintain good health.
Q25: What is meant by 'lethargic'?
Answer: Lethargic means lack of energy. It refers to feeling tired, sluggish, and having reduced physical and mental activity levels.
Q26: What causes constipation?
Answer: Constipation is a condition in which there is difficulty in bowel movements. It can be caused by lack of roughage in diet, inadequate water intake, and poor eating habits like consuming junk food.
Q27: Why should we avoid eating too much sugar and salt?
Answer: We should avoid eating too much sugar and salt because excessive intake can lead to health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, and obesity.
Q28: What role does water play in waste removal?
Answer: Water helps in waste removal by facilitating the elimination of toxins through urine, sweat, and bowel movements. It keeps our body clean and maintains proper functioning of kidneys and other organs.
Q29: Why should we include nuts in our diet?
Answer: We should include nuts in our diet because they are rich in healthy fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. They provide essential nutrients and help maintain good health.
Q30: What is the importance of whole grains?
Answer: Whole grains like wheat, barley, and oats are important because they provide complex carbohydrates, fiber (roughage), vitamins, and minerals. They help in sustained energy release and proper digestion.
Q31: How does junk food affect our energy levels?
Answer: Junk food affects our energy levels by causing us to feel tired and lethargic. This happens because junk food lacks essential nutrients and contains excessive sugar and fat, leading to energy crashes.
Q32: What diseases can be caused by eating junk food regularly?
Answer: Regular consumption of junk food can cause diseases like high blood pressure, heart diseases, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. It can also lead to diabetes and obesity-related complications.
Q33: Why is variety important in our diet?
Answer: Variety is important in our diet because eating different types of food ensures we get all the nutrients needed for maintaining good health. No single food can provide all essential nutrients.
Q34: What is the definition of health according to the chapter?
Answer: According to the chapter, health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. It's not just the absence of disease but overall wellness.
Q35: What does 'chronic' mean?
Answer: Chronic means of long duration. It refers to diseases or conditions that persist for a long time or recur frequently, often requiring ongoing management.
Q36: How much oil should we use for cooking?
Answer: We should use less oil for cooking to make our diet healthier. Excessive oil consumption can lead to obesity and various health problems related to high fat intake.
Q37: What is the role of green leafy vegetables in our diet?
Answer: Green leafy vegetables are important sources of vitamins and minerals. They help our body fight against diseases and are essential for the formation of healthy bones, blood, and teeth.
Q38: Why is proper rest important along with exercise?
Answer: Proper rest is important along with exercise because our body needs time to recover and repair. Rest helps in proper functioning of body organs and allows muscles to recover from physical activity.
Q39: What happens when we don't get enough nutrients?
Answer: When we don't get enough nutrients, we develop nutrient deficiency, which can lead to various health problems, weakened immune system, poor growth, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
Q40: How does roughage help in digestion?
Answer: Roughage helps in digestion by promoting healthy bowel movements and preventing constipation. It adds bulk to stool and helps in the smooth passage of waste through the digestive system.
Q41: What are cereals and why are they important?
Answer: Cereals are grains like rice, wheat that provide carbohydrates. They are important as they give us energy to do work and form a major part of our daily diet, especially in providing sustained energy.
Q42: Why should athletes have a different diet?
Answer: Athletes should have a different diet because they require more energy and nutrients due to higher physical activity levels. Their nutrient requirements are greater than normal individuals to support their training and performance.
Q43: What is the relationship between age and nutritional needs?
Answer: Age affects nutritional needs because growing children need more proteins for development, adults need balanced nutrition for maintenance, and elderly people may need specific nutrients for bone health and immunity.
Q44: How does gender affect dietary requirements?
Answer: Gender affects dietary requirements as men and women have different metabolic rates and nutritional needs. For example, women may need more iron due to menstruation, while men may need more calories due to higher muscle mass.
Q45: What is the importance of dairy products?
Answer: Dairy products like milk, curd, and cheese are important sources of minerals, especially calcium, which is required for the formation of healthy bones, blood, and teeth. They also provide proteins and vitamins.
Q46: Why should we read food labels?
Answer: We should read food labels to understand the nutritional content of foods, check for excessive sugar, salt, or unhealthy fats, and make informed choices about what we eat to maintain a balanced diet.
Q47: What role do fruits play in our diet?
Answer: Fruits play multiple roles in our diet - they provide vitamins for disease protection, water for hydration, natural sugars for energy, and roughage for proper digestion and waste removal.
Q48: How can poor nutrition affect academic performance?
Answer: Poor nutrition can affect academic performance by causing fatigue, lack of concentration, reduced brain function, and increased absenteeism due to frequent illnesses from weakened immunity.
Q49: What is the connection between nutrition and growth?
Answer: Proper nutrition is essential for growth as proteins help in building body tissues, calcium helps in bone development, vitamins boost immunity, and adequate calories provide energy for all growth processes.
Q50: Why is it important to have regular meal times?
Answer: Regular meal times are important because they help maintain stable blood sugar levels, improve digestion, prevent overeating, and ensure consistent nutrient supply to the body throughout the day.
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